what does it mean to hold a hat and bow

For the use of the bow in musical instruments, see bowing (music).

Social gesture of lowering the torso and head

Bowing (also called stooping) is the human activity of lowering the torso and caput as a social gesture in direction to another person or symbol. It is most prominent in Asian cultures merely information technology is also typical of nobility and elite in many European countries. It is also used in religious contexts, equally a form of worship or veneration. Sometimes the gesture may be limited to lowering the head such every bit in Republic of indonesia, and in many cultures several degrees of the lowness of the bow are distinguished and regarded equally advisable for different circumstances. It is especially prominent in Nepal, Republic of india, Thailand, Lao people's democratic republic, Vietnam, Red china, Korea, and Japan, where information technology may be executed standing or kneeling. Some bows are performed equally by ii or more than people while others are diff – the person bowed to either does not bow in render or performs a less depression bow in response. A nod of the head may be regarded as the minimal course of bow; forms of kneeling, genuflection, or prostration which involves the hands or whole body touching the ground, are the next levels of gesture.

In Europe and the Republic [edit]

In European cultures—aside from bows done by performers on stage such as at the pall telephone call—bowing is traditionally an exclusively male practice, and women instead perform a related gesture chosen a "curtsey" or "curtsy." The depth of the bow was related to the difference in rank or degree of respect or gratitude. In Early Modernistic European courtly circles, males were expected to "bow and scrape" (hence the term "bowing and scraping" for what appears to be excessive ceremony). "Scraping" refers to the drawing dorsum of the correct leg equally i bows, such that the right foot scrapes the floor or earth. Typically, while executing such a bow, the man's correct mitt is pressed horizontally across the belly while the left is held out from the body. Social bowing is all but extinct, except in some very formal settings, though hand-kissing of women by men, which of necessity includes a bow, lingers on in some cultures.

In the British, Australian, and other Commonwealth courts lawyers and clerks (of both sexes) are expected to perform a brief bow of the head only to the approximate when inbound or leaving a law court that is in session. Like gestures are fabricated to the Speaker of the House of Commons when inbound or leaving the chamber of the House of Commons in session, and to the monarch past her staff.

Members of the Purple Family of the various Commonwealth Realms are either bowed or curtsied to, depending on the gender of the subject. Australians are expected to bow to the Governor-General of Australia, the spouse of the Governor-General and state Governors and Lieutenant-Governors.^[1]

In Asia [edit]

In East Asia [edit]

Students wearing suits, hakama and kimono bow to the president of the school and then to the audience at the 2015 Waseda University graduation ceremony in Nihon.

Bows are the traditional greeting in Eastern asia, particularly in Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan and Vietnam. In Prc, and Vietnam, shaking hands or a slight bow have become more popular than a full bow.^{[two] [3] [four] [5]} However, bowing is not reserved just for greetings; it can also be used as a gesture of respect, with unlike bows used for apologies and gratitude.

Basic bows originate at the waist and are performed with the back straight and the hands at the sides (for men) or clasped in forepart (for women), and with the eyes downwardly.

Generally, bows tin be divided into three master types: informal, formal, and very formal. Breezy bows are fabricated at about a fifteen degree angle and more than formal bows at nearly thirty degrees. Very formal bows are deeper. In extreme cases a kneeling bow is performed, which may be and then deep that the brow touches the floor.

In that location is an extremely complex etiquette surrounding bowing, including the length and depth of bow, and the appropriate response. For example, if the other person maintains his or her bow for longer than expected (generally about two or 3 seconds), it is polite to bow over again, upon which ane may receive another bow in return, often leading to an exchange of progressively lighter bows.^{[ citation needed ]}

Amends and thanks [edit]

Bows are a required and expected role of any amends or expression of thanks in Eastward Asia, specially Japan and Korea.

Bows of apology tend to be deeper and final longer than other types of bow. They occur with frequency during the apology, generally at well-nigh 45-50 degrees with the head lowered and lasting for at least the count of iii but sometimes longer. The depth, frequency and duration of the bow increases with the sincerity of the apology and the severity of the law-breaking. Bows of thank you follow the same pattern.

Bows of amends are often performed at press conferences by high-ranking members of a company that has performed some misdeed, such as producing faulty parts that resulted in a death. The bows are almost invariably performed standing behind a table; the tips of the fingers bear upon the tabular array while the upper body, held straight, is lowered from the waist until the face is parallel with the tabletop.

Greeting [edit]

Bows are usually used in greeting, both when meeting and when departing. Bows almost automatically accompany the greeting phrases, but generally are no longer used among the immediate family unit unless addressing a family member afterward or in anticipation of a long absenteeism or separation.

Bows too replace speaking under certain circumstances. For example, when encountering again a person to whom ane has already spoken that mean solar day, a silent bow replaces such phrases every bit "hello" or "hi."

When addressing a subordinate, a manager, supervisor, or other leader generally but nods the head slightly (some may not bow at all), while the subordinate bends forward slightly from the waist.

Shaking hands [edit]

When dealing with non-East Asians, many E Asians will shake hands. Since many non-Eastward Asians are familiar with the custom of bowing, this often leads to an bad-mannered combined bow and handshake. Bows may be combined with handshakes or performed earlier or later on shaking easily.

Generally when bowing in proximity to another, as necessitated when combining bowing and shaking hands, people turn slightly to ane side to avoid bumping heads.

In China [edit]

The kowtow is the highest sign of reverence in Han Chinese civilisation, but its utilise has become extremely rare since the collapse of Majestic China. In many situations, the standing bow has replaced the kowtow. Notwithstanding, in modern Chinese societies, bowing is non as formalized as in Nihon, Republic of korea and North Korea. Bowing is normally reserved for occasions such every bit marriage ceremonies^[vi] and as a gesture of respect for the deceased, although information technology still sometimes used for more than formal greetings.^[7] In Cathay, three bows are customarily executed at funerals including state funerals,^[8] ancestral worship, and at special ceremonies in commemoration of pater patriae Sun Yat-sen.^{[9] [10]}

As in Nippon and Korea, public figures may bow formally to apologize. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao bowed and offered his condolences to stranded railway passengers;^[11] Taiwanese Defence Minister Chen Chao-min bowed in apology post-obit a simulated pas concerning the shooting of former President Chen Shui-bian in 2004.^[12]

In South and Southeast Asia [edit]

Similarly to East asia, bowing is the traditional form of greeting in many Due south Asian and Southeast Asian countries. A gesture known equally the Añjali Mudrā is used every bit a sign of respect and greeting and involves a bow of varying degrees depending on whom one performs it to and hands pressed together more often than not at chest level.^[xiii] Practised throughout South Asia and Southeast Asia, the gesture is near usually used in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Kingdom of bhutan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Indonesia. Gestures across the region are known by different names such as the wai in Thailand, sampeah in Cambodia and Lao people's democratic republic, sembah in Indonesia, namaste in India and Nepal, and in Sri Lanka the gesture is used as a greeting with the give-and-take "Ayubowan".

In martial arts [edit]

Judo practitioner (right) performs a bow while seated in seiza .

Bowing is an integral role of traditional martial arts. Bows are used to begin and stop practice, sparring bouts and competitions, and when entering and leaving the dojo, or do room.

Some martial arts bows are different in terms of the position of the arms and easily. For instance, a karate bow is performed with the artillery at the sides, while other bows, such equally a Silat bow, are performed with the hands together and the hands and the arms in front.

In tea ceremony [edit]

Bowing is an important part of Japanese tea anniversary. At that place are 3 main types of bow performed in tea ceremony; they are classified as shin ( 真 ), gyō ( 行 ), and sō ( 草 ). All are normally performed from a kneeling position. Shin bows are the deepest; from a kneeling position, the bower bends forward from the waist, placing the hands palms downwards on the floor in front of the body, with the fingers facing. Shin bows are performed to teachers and superiors. Gyō and sō bows respectively are less deep and less long. From a kneeling position and bowing from the waist, the easily are slid over the knees until the tips of the fingers touch the floor in front of the body. They are performed among persons of like rank.

Students of tea ceremony bow to each other and to their teacher; each course begins with bows between the teacher and students. If a senior student is teaching a junior educatee, bows are exchanged between the two. Earlier beginning a practice, a student bows to all the other students as well. This blueprint is repeated when the do ends.

A bow is performed at the door before entering the tea room, or tea house. Ane then proceeds to the tokonoma , or roll alcove, and bows over again. Finally one greets the instructor, and then the other students, or the other guests, with bows. This design is repeated when leaving the tea room besides.

The host of a tea anniversary bows before commencement the anniversary. Bows are exchanged repeatedly throughout a tea anniversary, betwixt the host and guest of honor, amongst the guests, between guests and the hosts assistants, and betwixt the host and guests.

In religious settings [edit]

Eastern religions [edit]

In many Eastern religions bowing is used as a sign of respect in worship and has its origins in the Indic Añjali Mudrā.

Sikhism [edit]

Sikhs simply bowed to their Gurus, who were the messengers of god. Their holy book, the Guru Granth Sahib is seen every bit the eternal guru after the death of their living gurus, as it has the word of god written by the by living gurus. In a Gurdwara, Sikhs bow to the Guru Granth Sahib and are non permitted to take role in idol worshiping, bowing to anything other than the Guru Granth Sahib or bowing to any living person.

Shintoism [edit]

Bows are performed in Shinto settings. Visitors to a Shinto shrine will handclapping or ring a bell to attract the attention of the enshrined deity, clasp the hands in prayer, and then bow.

Buddhism [edit]

Bowing is a common feature for worship in Buddhism. Zen Buddhism, for example, has a daily ritual in which practitioners do 1,080 full prostration bows, usually spread throughout the day. More than casual practitioners and laypeople typically practise 108 bows once a day instead.^{[ citation needed ]}

Hinduism [edit]

A immature homo displays pranama to an elderberry.

In the Hindu traditions people evidence deference by bowing or kneeling down and touching anxiety of an elder or respected person. Traditionally, a child is expected to bow down to their parents, teachers and elders during certain formal ceremonies and casual settings.

Abrahamic religions [edit]

Judaism [edit]

In the Jewish setting, bowing, similar to in Christianity, is a sign of respect, and is done at sure points in Jewish services. By tradition, in the Temple in Jerusalem, kneeling was part of the regular service, but this is not part of a mod Jewish service.

Some bows within the current liturgy are simple bows from the waist — others (peculiarly during parts of the Amidah) involve bending the knees while saying Baruch (Blessed), bowing from the waist at Atah ([are] you) and then straightening up at Adonai (God). During the concluding Aleinu department of the services, congregants normally bow when they say "V'anachnu kor'im u'mishtachavim u'modim," pregnant "we curve our knees, prostrate, and acknowledge our thanks." Another moment in the service which triggers the bow is during the "Bar'chu." Many bow at the mention of "Adonai" (the Jewish addressing of the Lord) at this and various other parts in the service (most likely if they are to remain continuing during that prayer).^[14]

Kneeling is retained in modern Orthodox Judaism, merely just on the Loftier Holy Days — once on each day of Rosh Hashanah (when the Aleinu prayer is recited during the Amidah), and four times on Yom Kippur — again, once for Aleinu, and 3 times during a primal portion of the service when the details of the Avodah, the High Priest's service in the Temple are recited.

The Talmudic texts likewise every bit writings of Gaonim and Rishonim indicate that total prostration was common among many Jewish communities until some point during the Middle Ages. Members of the Karaite denomination practice full prostrations during prayers. Ashkenazi Jews prostrate during Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur equally did Yemenite Jews during the Tachanun office of regular daily Jewish prayer until somewhat recently^{[ when? ] [ citation needed ]}. Ethiopian Jews traditionally prostrated during a holiday specific to their community known as Sigd. Sigd comes from a root word meaning prostration in Amharic, Aramaic, and Arabic. There is a motility among Talmide haRambam, a small modern restorationist group with perspectives on Jewish police force like to that of Dor Daim, to revive prostration as a regular part of daily Jewish worship.

Christianity [edit]

Communicants of many Christian denominations bow at the mention of the name of Jesus, while inside of a church and outside of one.^{[15] [sixteen]} The origin of this practice is inside Sacred Scripture, which states: "Therefore God as well highly exalted Him and gave Him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should curve, in heaven and on globe and nether the earth" (NRSV).^[xvi] This pious custom was mandated in the Second Council of Lyon, which proclaimed "Whenever that glorious proper noun is recalled, especially during the sacred mysteries of the Mass, everyone should bow the knees of his heart which he tin exercise even by a bow of his head."^[xv] The eighteenth canon of the Church of England, mother Church building of the Anglican Communion, made this external obeisance obligatory during the divine service, declaring: "When in time of divine service the Lord JESUS shall be mentioned, due and lowly reverence shall be done by all persons present, as it has been accustomed; testifying past these outward ceremonies and gestures their inward humility, Christian resolution, and due acknowledgement that the Lord JESUS CHRIST, the true eternal Son of God, is the only Saviour of the world, in whom lone all the mercies, graces, and promises of God to flesh for this life, and the life to come, are fully and wholly comprised."^{[16] [17]} Too, in the Lutheran Churches, people are "to bow when the name of Jesus is mentioned",^[18] and in the Roman Cosmic Church "at the mention of the name of Jesus, there is a slight bow of the head".^[nineteen] John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Churches, also taught the faithful "to bow at the Name of Jesus" and every bit a result, information technology is customary for Methodists to bow at the mention of His name, specially during the recitation of the Creed.^[20]

In Christian liturgy, bowing is a sign of respect or deference. In many Christian denominations, individuals volition bow when passing in front of the chantry, or at certain points in the service (for case, when the proper name of Jesus Christ is spoken, every bit mentioned in a higher place).^[17] It may take the form of a unproblematic bow of the caput, or a slight incline of the upper body. A profound bow is a deep bow from the waist, and is often done equally a substitution for genuflection. In Eastern Orthodoxy, there are several degrees of bowing, each with a unlike significant. Strict rules exist as to which type of a bow should exist used at whatever particular time. The rules are complicated and are not always carried out in all parishes.

In the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, a profound bow, prostration, a slight bow of the head (during the Creed) genuflection, and kneeling are all prescribed in the liturgy at various points. In addition, there are two forms of genuflection, depending on whether or not the Blest Sacrament is exposed on the altar or non. In addition to bowing at the mention of the proper name of Jesus, in the Anglican Communion, "A reverence in the form of a bow is made to an chantry, considering information technology is every bit it were God'due south throne, and in a manner represents Him."^[21] Equally with Anglican churches, in Lutheran and Methodist churches, when budgeted the chancel, information technology is customary to bow towards the chantry (or altar cross).^{[22] [23] [24]} In Anglican churches a bow is likewise fabricated when the processional cross passes by a communicant in a church procession.^[24]

Conservative Protestant Christians such as Brethren, Mennonite, and Seventh-day Adventists make a practice of kneeling during customs prayer in the church service. Until the mid-1900s this was mutual do amongst many Protestant Christian groups.

According to the New Testament writer Paul, anybody on Earth will anytime bow to Jesus Christ. He writes in Philippians two:9-xi, "Wherefore God likewise hath highly exalted him, and given him a proper name which is above every name: That at the proper name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; And that every natural language should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the celebrity of God the Begetter." KJV. He is here quoting a similar passage regarding bowing from the Quondam Testament, Isaiah 45:23.

Islam [edit]

Muslim practitioners performing Sajdah or Sujud.

In Islam, at that place are two types of bowing, Sujud and Ruk'u. Sajdah or Sujud is to prostrate oneself to Allah in the direction of the Kaaba at Mecca which is done during daily prayers (salat). While in sujud, a Muslim is to praise Allah and glorify him. The position involves having the forehead, nose, both hands, knees and all toes touching the ground together.

Ruku' is bowing downwardly in the standing position during daily prayers (salat). The position of ruku' is established by bending over, putting one'due south hands on one'southward knees, and remaining in that position while as well praising Allah and glorifying Him.

In Islam, it is shirk (major sin) to bow to a human being with the intention to worship, or if that person is considered divine by the bower. Muslims are simply supposed to bow, with the intention to worship, to Allah. Moreover, bowing as a greeting or sign of thank you or respect, without an intent to worship, is too classified as shirk (major sin) and forbidden according to a specific hadith in Sunan-at-Tirmidhi.

See too [edit]

• Frontbend
• Proskynesis
• Genuflection
• Kneeling
• Fractional squatting
• Prostration
• Thai greeting—an example of a milder course of obeisance

References [edit]

1. ^ Championship and Greeting Governor of New South Wales
2. ^ "Taiwan - Cultural Etiquette". eDiplomat. Retrieved 2011-ten-09 .
3. ^ "China - Cultural Etiquette". eDiplomat. Retrieved 2011-10-09 .
4. ^ "Vietnam - Cultural Etiquette". eDiplomat. Retrieved 2011-10-09 .
5. ^ "Japan - Cultrual Etqette". eDiplomat. Retrieved 2013-01-13 .
6. ^ "Chinese Union Customs". eChina Romance. Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2008-05-27 .
7. ^ "温家宝向地震灾区遇难者遗体三鞠躬". China Daily. 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
8. ^ "華國鋒同志遺體在京火化". People's Daily. 2008-09-01. Archived from the original on 2010-11-01. Retrieved 2009-07-22 .
9. ^ "Kuomintang delegation pays homage at Dr. Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum". People's Daily Online. 2005-03-31. Retrieved 2008-05-27 .
10. ^ "周铁农等参加纪念孙中山先生逝世84周年纪念仪式". National People'due south Congress News. 2009-03-13. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2009-07-22 .
11. ^ "Premier Wen rushes to Hunan Province to direct disaster relief piece of work". Xinhua. 2008-01-29. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
12. ^ "Defense Minister Chen apologizes for 3/19 gaffe". Mainland china Post. 2008-05-27. Retrieved 2008-05-28 .
13. ^ "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on 2018-11-26. Retrieved 2016-01-sixteen . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
14. ^ Hayim H. Donin, To Pray equally a Jew, 1980; pages 38-41.
15. ^ ^{a b} Albert Haase, OFM (4 February 2010). Living the Lord's Prayer: The Way of the Disciple. InterVarsity Press. p. 83. ISBN9780830878666. The name of Jesus has been kept holy past Christians down through the centuries. Western Christianity developed the custom of bowing the caput at the mention of the name of Jesus. Pope Gregory Ten had this formally written into police in 1274 at the Second Council of Lyons. Echoing the alphabetic character to the Philippians, the quango stated, "Whenever that glorious name is recalled, particularly during the sacred mysteries of the Mass, everyone should bow the kneeds of his centre which he can do even by a bow of his caput."
16. ^ ^{a b c} Staunton, William (1839). A Dictionary of the Church: Containing an Exposition of Terms, Phrases and Subjects Connected with the External Society, Sacraments, Worship and Usages of the Protestant Episcopal Church, with an Especial Reference to the Church in the United States. Sherman & Trevett. p. 79.
17. ^ ^{a b} Wheatly, Charles; Corrie, George Elwes (1858). A Rational Illustration of the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England. University Printing. p. 145. When we come up to the 2d article in this Creed, in which the proper noun of Jesus is mentioned, the whole congregation makes obeisance, which the Church (in regard to that passage of St Paul, That at the proper noun of Jesus every knew should bow) expressly enjoins in her eighteenth canon: ordering, "that when in the time of divine service the Lord Jesus shall be mentioned, due and lowly reverence shall be done past all persons present, every bit information technology has been accustomed[iii], testifying past these outward ceremonies and gestures their in humility, christian resolution, and due acknowledgment, that the Lord Jesus Christ, the true eternal Son of God, is the simply Saviour of the world, in whom lone all mercies, graces, and promises of God to mankind for this life, and the life to come up, are fully and wholly comprised." [three] Bowing at the proper name of Jesus start appointed by the eighth Council of Lyons, A.D. 1274, under Gregory Xth. In the Council of avignon, A.D. 1326, indulgences were granted to those that bow at the name of Jesus. in the Council of Beziers, A.D. 1351, ten days' pardon granted to such as bow at that name when mentioned in divine service. Council of Basil, 1435, renews the lodge for bowing. Councilium Senonense, 1485. of cowing at the name of Jesus, Grayness, Vindicat. of Ch. of England, Office two, p. 178, &c W.
18. ^ Herl, Joseph (2008). Worship Wars in Early Lutheranism: Choir, Congregation and Iii Centuries of Disharmonize. Oxford University Printing. p. 111. ISBN9780195365849 . Retrieved 27 Apr 2017.
19. ^ Dubruiel, Michael (26 January 2007). The How-to Book of the Mass, Revised and Expanded. Our Sunday Visitor. p. 97. ISBN9781592766659.
20. ^ Holden, Harrington William; Wesley, John (1872). John Wesley in Company with Loftier Churchmen. J. Hodges. p. 110.
21. ^ Lamburn, Edward Cyril Russell (1963). Anglican Services: A Book Concerning Ritual and Ceremonial in the Anglican Communion. W. Knott. p. 39.
22. ^ Senn, Frank C. (2012). Introduction to Christian Liturgy. Fortress Printing. p. 196. ISBN9781451424331.
23. ^ "Acolyte Handbook" (PDF). Madison Commencement United Methodist Church building. 2011. pp. 5–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017. Walk effectually the kneeling rail and enter the chancel. When you reach the chantry, pause and bow towards the cantankerous at the aforementioned time.
24. ^ ^{a b} Pentz, Lundy (1998). Body Language. Forrad Movement. p. 9. English law required a bow to the altar on entering or leaving a church--at whatever time, not just during a service. The altar itself was the thing bowed to, because during the eucharist it is where the consecration takes place and in a sense is thus the throne of Christ. Because nearly altars had a cantankerous on them, generations of Anglicans came to think of the bow as beingness directed non at the altar but at the cross. This gave rise to a distinctive Anglicanism when processions and processional crosses were reintroduced in the 19th century--a bow every bit made as the cantankerous passed by in a procession.

External links [edit]

• Media related to Bowing at Wikimedia Commons
• More than data on bowing in religious settings

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowing

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